Cold disinfectants (high-level disinfectants) are an essential part of the disinfection process. Since several important pieces of medical equipment and surgical equipment, such as endoscopes, cannot be sterilized by heat. Examples of noncritical items are stethoscopes, bed rails, over bed tables. Noncritical items contact with the skin, but not the mucous membranes. Examples of semicritical items are some endoscopes and diaphragm fitting rings. Semicritical items come into contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin. Critical items come into contact with sterile tissue or the vascular system. Patient care items and equipment are classified into categories of critical, semicritical, and noncritical. anthracis Ames (18).Disinfection and sterilization are required to prevent medical and surgical instruments from transmitting infectious pathogens to patients. anthracis or an appropriate surrogate spore (e.g., Bacillus subtilis) using a quantitative test method, such as QCT, which is also known as ASTM 2197-02, or the three-step method (TSM), also known as ASTM 2414-05, by a decontaminant is a requirement for product registration as a sporicidal agent against spores of B. Currently, demonstration of a >6-log-unit inactivation of B. While AOAC Official Method 966.04 is qualitative, the other two test methods are quantitative and provide log reduction estimates. Almost all standard test methods for liquid disinfectants use small coupons, e.g., 5- by 5-mm squares or 1-cm discs, on which 1 million to 10 million (6 to 7 log) spores are inoculated. All of these methods are based on testing hard-surface carrier-based spores, which are submerged in a disinfectant for a desired contact time, followed by the addition of a neutralizer and enumeration of viable spores recovered from the carrier. The magnitude and scope of this study required that new methods be developed to incorporate the use of complex materials in sporicidal efficacy testing and the processing of an unprecedented number of complex samples.Ĭurrent standardized sporicidal test methods include the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC International) sporicidal activity of disinfectant test (AOAC Official Method 966.04) (4) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 2414-05 (3) and quantitative carrier test (QCT) (2). This unprecedented systematic investigation involved the determination of efficacy (or log reduction in the number of viable spores) as a function of fumigant technology, technology operating parameters (e.g., fumigant concentration and exposure time), environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity ), and building material types. The overall objective of this collaborative study was to systematically investigate the abilities of fumigants to effectively decontaminate building materials contaminated with anthrax spores. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC). In early 2005, a systematic study of laboratory-scale decontamination of five porous surfaces (carpet, ceiling tile, cinder block, painted wallboard, and unpainted wood) and one nonporous surface (painted I-beam steel) was initiated by the U.S.
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